Universities in a knowledge-based economy: desperately
seeking resources
Statements to be
discussed:
Despite the Bologna declaration, continental
European universities will remain second choice for the top student
because of the awkward financing of higher education. The political
room for manoeuvre is too small for substantial student fees or
for differentiation in public financing, while European continental
philanthropy is focussed on fighting misery, not on promoting
excellence amongst others in universities.
The productivity of European university researchers
is no longer different from that of its US counterparts. Yet,
European business will continue to look towards US universities
for their research and development because of insufficient scale
of most European university research. Concentration of research
within countries is next to impossible. A European-wide division
of labour in in research is unthinkable because of research
and techno nationalism in many European national policy circles.
Conclusions:
On the competitiveness of European top universities with
their US counterparts
Europe suffers in terms of innovation and creativity from the
constant drain of top graduates to the US.
Although European universities have made substantial progress
over the last 15 years, the exodus of top graduates from Europe
to the US is likely to continue as long as Europe is incapable
to shift financial resources to universities. Such shifts, which
might bring Europe in a competitive position, include, aside from
more ample and differentiated support from public means, also
support from private sources through tuition fees and philanthropy.
Increased support for universities through public and private
finance should not be to the detriment of a further promotion
of equality of opportunity. All over Europe there is a need for
a substantial increase in participation, in particular from the
new socio economic group of recent immigrants with parents with
little education.
On the competitiveness of European public research
The time is over in which Europe lagged in research quality to
the US and other areas in the world. Today, research quality (in
terms of publications in refereed journals and in citations) is
on par with that elsewhere. And yet, Europe lags in the translation
of good public research to innovation. This has in part to do
with a lack of appropriate incentives. Government does not hold
major parts of public research accountable for innovation out
of political correctness for the protection of pure
research. For another part this is due to a lack of the scale
of research where a more substantial size might have a greater
impact on innovation.
It is high time that European governments include innovation
as one of the purposes of public research in national legislation.
Innovation should also be rewarded in the financing
of public research. Member states and the EU should focus on means
to stimulate the economies of scale in public research.